Chemistry Lab

Candidates will be asked to observe the effect of reagents on substances supplied to them. The exercises will be simple and may include the recognition and identification of certain gases and ions listed below. The examiners will not, however, be restricted in their choice to substances containing the listed ions. 

Gases: Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, Chlorine, Hydrogen chloride, Sulphur dioxide, Hydrogen sulphide, Ammonia, Water vapour, Nitrogen dioxide. 

Ions: Calcium, Copper, Iron, Lead, Zinc and Ammonium, Carbonate, Chloride, Nitrate, Sulphide, Sulphite and Sulphate. 

Knowledge of a formal scheme of analysis is not required. Semi-micro techniques are acceptable but candidates using such techniques may need to adapt the instructions given to suit the size of the apparatus being used. 

Candidates are expected to have completed the following minimum practical work: 

1. Make a solution of the unknown substance: add sodium hydroxide solution or ammonium hydroxide solution, make observations and give your deduction. Warming the mixture may be needed. Choose from substances containing Ca2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Pb2+, Zn2+, NH4 +. 
2. Determine which of the given solutions is acidic and which is basic, giving two tests for each. 
3. Add concentrated hydrochloric acid to each of the given substances, warm, make observations, identify any product and make deductions: (a) copper oxide (b) manganese dioxide.

Chemistry Lab

Chemistry Lab

Chemistry Lab

Chemistry Lab

Chemistry Lab

Chemistry Lab